Through the graduate thesis the issue of stress and disease of seafarers on long voyages is pointed out. The emphasis is placed on the very nature of the illness, the causes of the same, the conditions and working conditions on board that cause mental and physical discomfort, as well as the stress that has become a risky factor in the life of a sailor. The aim of this paper is to analyze and study the correlation between long-haul sailors with the occurrence of psychophysical problems and through the work I deal with topics such as working conditions on board, health care, and the main reasons for leaving the ship. The theme that permeates the whole work is the subject of the disease, or an abnormal condition of the body, which hampers normal functioning of the body. Disease is often used to name all the conditions that cause pain, dysfunction (whether physical or psychological), social and other problems, and seafarers are part of a particularly risky group to undergo certain illnesses due to difficult and very stressful work, uneven working hours and other of the overwhelming circumstances of life on board because of which the immune system as well as mental health inevitably suffers.