A sailor is a person who carries out jobs and lives on specific conditions of the ship as a temporary movable place of residence. Maritime affairs are considered to be highly stressed occupations. Through the graduate thesis the issue of stress and disease of seafarers on long voyages is pointed out. Through the graduate thesis the characteristics and problems of work and life conditions on board (long-distance trips) and mental health problems that can affect both the health and the person. The main topic of this work is mental illnesses that in practice cause dysfunctional behavior, social and other problems that arise from it. The aim of the work is to process and analyze the risk factors in the state of the disturbed mental health, with special reference to the specificity of the work on the ship. It is very important that the sailor, as well as his surroundings, see and recognize possible psychological changes and negative states, to be ashamed of them, in order to seek medical help in time.